ENH241 - Recently Updated Pages

Word Choice

wadwau — Fri, 15 Apr 2011 00:47:35 CDT

lost in a rubble

- Using the words you want (Taylor)

- Using the correct words you get your point across (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

- Using words to invoke an emotional response from readers (Smith)

References

1. Taylor, Marilyn. “Tips For Finding the Right Words.” Writer 119.12 (2006).
This article looks at the magic found in words. Taylor says that there is power in word selection and combination. Words are capable of creating beauty or ugliness, creating mood, creating imagery, sounds, and smells. However, one must one word can completely change a text. Writers must write deliberately, putting time and energy into “finding precisely the words you want.”
Authors during the Enlightenment were trying to inspire change, so word choice was important. They had to convince readers that change needed to be made so their words had to be powerful. Franklin and Adams both use powerful words to show the negative sides of society and then to express the positive alternatives. This article comes from a scholarly journal.

2."Word Choice in Poetry."Poetry Magic. Web. 2 June 2007. <http://www.poetrymagic.co.uk/wordchoice.html>.
This website discusses the challenges of word choice in poetry as fashions and times change. It gives examples of how the Romantics introduced a new “inner world” with words like “cold, pale, grey, home, child, morning, memory, stir, water, body, shadow, and house.” It goes on to discuss how words never have wholly transparent meanings, but can have multiple meanings depending on their latent associations, textural suggestions, and rhythmic power. According to the website, Poetry Magic is a small publishing company exploiting the new possibilities of the internet and electronic publishing to produce independent specialist guides of a literary nature. It includes many chapters on the aspects of poetry.

3. Taylor, Marilyn. “How to take your poem from forgettable to memorable”. Tip for finding the right words. Dec 2006. 21 June 2007.
< http://web.ebscohost.com.ezp.mc.maricopa.edu/ehost/detail?vid=8&hid=19&sid=59bb41fd-517b-4c3f-a5bd-f532281154f3%40sessionmgr7 >
The main purpose of this website is to give some writing tips on how to write a memorable poem. Marilyn Taylor advises writers to follow some steps. The literary term is defined through the examples given by Taylor to the writer as in examining the world around them more closely, acquiring a good thesaurus, and reading other poems for inspiration. This is a credible website given by Taylor for a novice poetry writer.

4. "6+1 Trait® Definitions."Education Northwest. Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory, 2010. Web. 14 Jun 2010. <http://educationnorthwest.org/resource/503#Word Choice>.
The web-page defines word choice as "the use of rich, colorful, precise language that communicates not just in a functional way, but in a way that moves and enlightens the reader." The page also provides a brief but well discussed explanation of the use of word choice. Good writing is not necessarily the use of big and complex vocabulary, but portrays a skillful use of everyday words. Word choice helps communicate the author's message, and good word choice will have an affect on the readers by expanding on ideas and arousing new visions. The page does help in understanding selected text because using the information provided, one could see if the author of the text relies on the vocabularies to affect readers or does his/her word choice in the text strengthen or clearly point out the author's message, or both.
The website's purpose is to provide assistance to teachers and is a writing product to also assist beginning writers. The program is developed by professors and a board of educated staff and is hosted by the Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory (NWREL), a network of laboratories serving the needs of educators.

5. "Word Choice." The Writing Center: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1998. Web. 6 Jun 2008. <http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/word_choice.html>
This is a handout constructed by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill on word choice. It is very helpful because it helps in many different areas of writing such as academic, thesis statements and staying clear of using too many words. It also gives examples as well as strategies for success. This handout is creditable because a college constructed it and because it is a .edu.
It defines word choice as the words one chooses to get a point across, and that sometimes word choice is not always clear. This helped me to understand my readings, especially Phillis Wheatley, because her word choice is very articulate and distinct; however, there is more below the surface.

7. Smith, Vivion. “What is Poetry?” English Works! English Tutoring and Writing Center. June 2001. Gallaudet University. 17 June 2008. < http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/literature/poetry.html#syntax >
This is an excellent site for literary terms as it defines the terms and explains their usage in literary genres. The site defines “word choice” as syntax—the order and type of words used by an author. Word choice affects the reader’s emotional response and interpretation of a text. Effective word choice can elicit strong psychological, emotional, and intellectual responses in the reader. Thomas Paine and John Adams, as well as other authors in the Enlightenment era, depended upon word choice to persuade readers to follow the fight for independence or establish a particular type of government. The source is reliable and is presented by the writing center at Gallaudet University.

8. Liebhaber, Karen Powers. "Word Significance, Word Choice, and Title Meaning." Suite 101: Insightful Writers. Informed Readers. 01 Nov 2001. Web. 4 Jun 2009. <http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/20th_century_amer_poetry/83425>.

This website talks about word choice in poetry and literature and specific connotations of words while providing definitions and examples. This a very useful resource because of the examples it provides. It is very important when understand older literature written in the Puritanism period or any other period for that matter but especially with older language dialects being used. Word choice seems to play a very important role. This website is credible because the site compiles the ideas of different writers who have researched the material thoroughly to help us see the meaning of certain texts.

9. “Literary Analysis: Terms.” The Online Writing Lab of Roane State Community College. 5 June 2009. <http://www.rscc.cc.tn.us/owl&writingcenter/OWL/ElementsLit.html>

This site, an online writing lab, provides help for students. The above page, in particular, defines important terminologies for fiction and poetry. Word choice, in poetry, is called diction. “Word choice and usage (for example, formal vs. informal), as determined by considerations of audience and purpose.” This means it is intentional, and the writer should choose his or her words carefully in order to match the intended audience and to convey more meaning and tone. Although I have not researched symbolism yet, I suspect Freneau uses imagery. Wheatley, on the other hand, seems to use word choice to emphasize the duality of an “enlightened” society’s perception. This is a credible website because it is operated as a reference center by the English department of a college.

10. Holcombe, C. John. "Diction in Poetry." textetc.com. Litlangs Ltda., 2007. Web. 11 June 2009. <http://www.textetc.com/traditional/diction.html>.
The main purpose of this website is to clearly define the term ‘word choice’ and to give several examples of how it is used in literature, especially poetry. This website includes topics such as poetic diction, words in context, and different styles associated with word choice. It defines word choice as a poets specific lexicon that emphasis the authors meaning. Understanding this literary term helps me to better understand the texts I am reading for this deadline because I now know what to look for in the poem and I can pick out specific words or phrases that are meant to evoke certain emotions or paint a certain picture in my mind. I would consider this a credible website because it lists the resources of where it found all of the information for the article and it also comes from LitLangs, which is a reputable source that has been around for several years.

11. Smith, Carl B. " Vocabulary: Word Choice in Writing. ERIC Topical Bibliography and Commentary." (2003): 6. Web. 14 Jun 2010. <http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED480634&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED480634>.

The purpose of this website is to provide a commentary on word choice. The article explains the importance of writing as well as the meaning of word choice. Word choice is referred too as six-trait writing. Authors use the six traits such as, ideas, organization, voice, word choice, sentence fluency, and conventions. The introduction of six-trait writing is also in the article. This website goes into great detail about word choice, its usage, and the meaning. After reviewing the context of the commentary it is now easier to understand the different variations of word choice. It will be easy to determine how authors use word choice in their writing by focusing on sentence structure and grammar. This is a credible website because the article was found on the Education Resources Information Center.

Romantic

briannamori — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 17:30:43 CDT

Link to Map

"Liberty Leading the People" by Eugène Delacroix

"Liberty Leading the People." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Web. 16 June 2010.

Early American Romantic Authors

Reflecting on the Puritan Period

k.esparza — Sun, 04 Jul 2010 20:47:54 CDT

Kristy Esparza

July 2, 2010

ENH241

Shelley Rodrigo

Puritan Era Reflection

During the 1600s, the puritans came to America from England in search of a new beginning. Along with a new beginning, these early American writers

began a journey that influenced the rest of the writers in American history.

While reading about the Puritan era of early American literature, I realize that the following literary periods would not have been able to occur if the

puritans never came to America. Without the puritans, America would not have been established and the rest of the literary period would not have

existed. There would be no such thing as American literature without the puritan authors and their bravery coming to the New World.

After looking over the authors, texts, and literary themes that correspond with the Puritan period, the two most relevant themes I noticed were “The

American Dream,” and “The Frontier.” The Puritans came to America in search of success and happiness. The authors constantly wrote about the

hardships and accomplishments that they had while coming to the New World. The American frontier was also commonly mentions in the works of each

author. Coming to the New World offered new opportunities and a chance to start over. Both “The American Dream, and “The Frontier” are had a strong

influence over all of the authors and texts through the Puritan Period.

If I had selected authors in the Puritan Period, I would have selected Anne Bradstreet and John Winthrop. Both Bradstreet and Winthrop, had a powerful

influence over the Puritan Period and paved the way for future American authors. Anne Bradstreet and John Winthrop used multiple literary themes that

were mentioned throughout our class website.

If I were to choose texts from the Puritan Period, I would choose Bradstreet’s “To My Dear and Loving Husband,” and Winthrop’s “A Model of Christian

Charity.” I believe that these two works show the different aspects of this period. “A Model of Christian Charity” demonstrates the importance of religion

during the Puritan era. The text was originally a sermon which showed the audience a society were Puritan values and beliefs were attainable. “To My

Dear and Loving Husband” shows her devotion to her husband. During the puritan era, women were expected to be domestic and subservient towards

their husbands. Bradstreet was an intelligent and well-educated woman, who was domestic and also an accomplished writer.

At first, I chose the Puritan Period to be my “unknown” selection because it seemed dull and boring. After reading my classmates posts I now have a

greater appreciation for this period in American literature.

Puritanism

k.esparza — Sun, 04 Jul 2010 19:53:11 CDT

Characteristics of the Puritanism Period in American Literature
Puritanism Period: The spark of the English Reformation began in Sixteenth Century to reform the Church of England. Puritans believed in God and were very religious (Puritanism). During this time era there are authors who are well known for their publications such as poems, jounals, and novels. Each author has a purpose to their writing such as glorifying God based on their beliefs (Reuben).

Puritans: English speaking Protestants (people who believe in Christ outside the Roman Catholic or Orthodox churches). They were middle class and well educated and children of the Covenant (Reuben).
Puritan Writing: Transform, make relevant, and glorify God.
Puritans Beliefs:"Total Depravity, Unconditional election, limited atonement, irrresistable grace, and perseverance of the saints." (Reuben).

Link to Google Map about Puritan Period of Early American Literature

Resources about Puritan Period

1. Bremer, Frances J. Puritanism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, Inc. 2009. <http://books.google.com/books?id=mb7c68hAwKEC&lpg=PP1&dq=Puritanism&lr&pg=PR11#v=onepage&q&f=false.>
The book presents everyday Puritan life based on thier belief in God. The book also explains the issues that both men and woman had in the Seventeenth Century. After reviewing the provided pages of the book it gave evidence of credibility. The book provides a historical background of the church of England and how the Puritans came to be and had the belief in God. The Site provides pages from the book in order for public viewers to have a visual of the book.

3. "Chapter One: Early American and Colonial Period to 1776." Outline of American Literature. December 2006. USINFO.STATE.GOV.

< http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/oal/oaltoc.htm.>

The page offers well-written, organized insights on the Puritanism period as well as lists a few authors of the period. The list of authors includes a short biography and titles of their their work. The page presents information to those interested; teachers, students, or public for research use or personal interests. It provides detailed information about the beginning period of Puritanism, how it began and developed. The authors listed are significant figures as they aid in the establishment of beliefs and principles of the Puritanistic period through their writings and teachings. Among the list of authors is William Bradford, one of the writers of the Mayflower Compact. The site offers help by listing the authors, defining the period, mentioning the author's works and influences. The theme derived from the information provided would be Identity. The Puritans were strict believers of God. Puritans were identified with spirituality, where they "interpreted all things and events as symbols with deeper spiritual meanings." This page has offered great information and it also appears to be credible as it is maintained by a bureau of the Department of State and is up to date.

4. Seiferth, Michael S. "Travel Literature In Early Virginia." The Seventeenth Century: Echoes Of The Renaissance And Reformation . Related Resources on American Literature on The Web. 3 June 2007 < http://lonestar.texas.net/~mseifert/amlit1.html.>
The page contains notes by an English professor defining the writings and influences of the significant authors of the Puritanism period as well as a historical analysis of the period. The site offers a view into the period through the historical analysis. It also includes authors works and contributions that had effects in society during his/her time. Although the site fails to address a date of publication, the information contained, however, appear helpful to those who are interested: students, teachers, researchers, or any interested individual in the subject of early american literature and its history. What is most appealing about the website, in one's own opinion, is that the site offers a brief biography about the significant writers during the 16th and 17th century and their influences, as individuals and through the writings and other accomplishments, on society.

5..Miller, Kevin; Galli, Mark. “The Puritans: Behind the Myths”. EBSCO Host. 1994. June 2, 2007. < http://web.ebscohost.com.ezp.mc.maricopa.edu/ehost/detail?vid=13&hid=17&sid=16915483-5ec4-437d-a981-b2edfd77df83%40sessionmgr2.>
This article is an interview conducted with an expert of the puritan experience. Dr. Stout is a professor of American Christianity at Yale University. The purpose of the article is to look at puritan life more in depth. The puritan period is defined by Dr. Stout with dates, he cites the years 1629-1730. This article is helpful for our purpose, since it gives a different perspective on puritan life. Dr. Stout seeks to dispel some of the misconceptions developed over the years. Many believe that the puritans were boring and solemn people. They were deep feeling and very religious, but were passionate about their lives and mission. Yale University is one of the premier universities in the United States, and a leading university in the world. They hire the best academics to teach their classes, such as Dr. Stout.

6. Lindholdt, Paul. "Early American Culture and the Canon." Sewanee Review 100.4 (Fall 1992): 675. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Mesa Community College Library, Mesa, AZ. 3 June 2007. < http://ezp.mc.maricopa.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9306106567&site=ehost-live.>
In this Article written for the Sewanee Review, Paul Lindholdt reflects on history and its presentation in literature. While not focused specifically on Puritan literature, much of the commentary concerns Puritan writing. The author is discussing how history has been conveyed to us either romantically, passionately or strictly dry and scientifically. Also how best to merge those elements so as not to alienate readers yet preserve accuracy. We learn that the Puritan writers, firmly under the grips of their religious beliefs, tended to relay cultural information in a compelling, flowering manner, full of imagination. Factual depictions would be filtered through the Puritan framework, leaving at best a highly selective interpretation. All around the Puritans were writers offering widely different viewpoints, but the Puritan absolute would not allow for an intermingling of these angles. This article aims theological professors concerning the question of what is or is not appropriate to teach or read when studying these matters. Lindholdt seems concerned with finding the right balance of single-purpose study and a multidisciplinary approach. Though the main content of this article fails to apply directly to Puritan literature, I feel there is enough gleaning of the Puritan mindset in their writings to be a useful reference. The nature of this article is mostly commentary and opinion, but the facts used in the author’s position are well documented. This analysis has been printed in a university literary review publication, so I give it enough credit as a valuable source to be of use.

7. Reuben, Paul P. "Chapter 1: Early American Literature to1700 - A Brief Introduction." PAL: Perspectives in American Literature- A Research and Reference Guide. WWW URL: <http://web.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap1/1intro.html.> (login 06/03/2007).
Dr. Reuben presents here a helpful outline to introduce the elements of Puritan literature in early America. Beginning with an overview of the belief system, we see the structure under which this literature would be created. The strictness of these beliefs and rules form the foundation of the literature that would be produced. Puritan writing, as in the rest of Puritan life, is purposeful and direct. The overarching purpose for these writings is aimed at better understanding God in order to better serve and to apply moral duties in everyday life. The literature would be comprised of themes ranging from commentary on the idealistic life to practical applications of these ideals in real life. The literature of this period, heavily dependent on biblical guidance, would eventually be replaced as American culture shifted to more rational approaches to idealistic questions. Dr. Reuben points out several main aspects of what the Puritan movement left American culture, both positive and negative. Puritan philosophy on morality, individual freedoms, work and death reveal much about the life and writings of the time. This site is very helpful for deciding whether a piece of literature or an author would fall into the scope of our examination. By giving us a broader framework of Puritan literature, the site offers us much more than a simple timeline to evaluate the works (style, intent, themes, etc). This site is an online reference guide aimed at providing a breadth of information about American literature to students and the public. As a research project headed by a national university, this site should satisfy any requirements for valid sourcing.

8.Bowden, Henry W., and Mark A. Noll. "Puritanism, Puritans." Mb-Soft.Com. 31 Dec. 2006. Elwell Evangelical Dictionary. 9 June 2007 <http://mb-soft.com/believe/txc/puritani.htm.>
The main purpose of this website is to present information about Puritanism, including the history and notable Puritans. The dates given in the history portion of the website were corresponding to the time era, therefore authors or texts were suitable. This website was helpful in learning about authors with the section provided about notable Puritans. Names and background information about authors were accessible. Famous texts written during the era was also provided. The website is helpful by interpreting the theme based on the information given. This website is credible, since it contains a complete bibliography. It also provides a full page of their copyright information. The website also has information about who the authors are and what organization they are associated with.

9. McWilliams, John. New England's Crisis and Cultural Memory: Literature, Politics, History, Religion 1620-1860. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2004. New England's Crisis and Cultural Memory. 6 June 2007 <http://site.ebrary.com.ezp.mc.maricopa.edu/lib/mesa/Top?channelName=mesa&cpage=1&f00=text&frm=smp.x&hitsPerPage=10&id=10131716&layout=document&p00=puritanism&sortBy=score&sortOrder=desc>
The main purpose of this source is to give information about the literature, politics, history, of Puritanism from 1620-1860. Since the information is from 1620 through 1860 one can see that the information fits into the specific era. The source is assist with finding reading, interoperating authors, text, and themes that provide information about the subjects. The source is credible containing information about who the author is and who published the source. A bibliography is also included in the source.

10. Atkins, Scott E. 22 Jan 02. “The American Sense of Puritan: The Pilgrims and Plymouth Plantation". University of Virginia 15 June 2007 <http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/PURITAN/purmain.html.>
"Puritan". Msn Encarta. <http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/puritanism.html.> 15 June 2007
This website is designed by the American Studies group at the University of Virginia. The purpose of the website is to provide historical information to be viewed by librarians, teachers, parents and schools. The history and criticisms are outlined, along with the links of authors of the Puritanism are available to research. By reading about the Puritans, I was able to find the authors of this time period and relate the theme diversity and eccentricity and the literary term imagery. The Puritans and the Pilgrims were similar in some nature. It is a credible website because of the extensive study going into it. It lists all the References that were used as the resources for this webpage. Puritanism is the doctrine of the Puritans system of belief. Msn Encarta’s online dictionary defines the word Puritan as “Protestant: a member of a group of Protestants in 16th- and 17th-century England and 17th-century America who believed in strict religious discipline and called for the simplification of acts of worship” (Encarta). NatalieT

11. Campbell, Donna M. "Puritanism in New England." Literary Movements. 21 May 2007. 14 June 2007. <http://www.wsu.edu/~campbelld//purdef.htm.>
Author Donna Campbell, writing this historical information for Washington State’s official website, gives a brief historical account of the Puritans, along with a description of their religious ideals and motives for breaking away from the Church of England. She even relates two distinct versions of Puritans, writing, “Although the word is often applied loosely, "Puritan" refers to two distinct groups: "separating" Puritans, such as the Plymouth colonists, who believed that the Church of England was corrupt and that true Christians must separate themselves from it; and non-separating Puritans, such as the colonists who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony, who believed in reform but not separation.” In addition to a historical and definitional treatment of the Puritans, she relates some aspects in which they differed from mainstream Christianity at the time, namely, their belief in “predestination,” or the idea that only God can determine who will be saved, and who will not.

12. “Puritanism." Encyclopædia Britannica.2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 3 June 2008 <http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9061955.>
Puritanism was a movement, a belief in the 16th and 17th centuries in which the purity of individuals was based on one’s faith and God’s will. A person’s self worth and prosperity in life, in everyday living was a direct result of their dedication to God. As an arising reformation to life in England, these beliefs were brought to the early colonies of New England and are prominent in the early writings from this time period. This website is drawn from the Encyclopedia Britannica, which is helpful with providing easy, general, understanding, and definitions to basically anything, but also credible. This website shows that a religion centered lifestyle is key to this specific literary period, which makes classifying authors and literary work relevant to Puritanism much easier.

13. Clark, Michael. "Puritanism" The University of California Irvine School of Humanities. 5 June. 2008 < http://www.humanities.uci.edu/mclark/Core2002/Pix/Puritanism.html >. This website has a great description of the history of Puritanism and how the literature came about. The author also discusses the general Puritan beliefs, and how they relate to the literature. Based on what this author says, I would assume that for a work to be deemed Puritan it generally must be based on religion, particularly divine promise and the threat of imminent failure. This website has excerpts from a few Puritan works and has a heavy focus on Puritan poetry as well, which is useful because it highlights more than the typical sermons of the period. I believe the source to be credible as it is posted as a resource on a university website, by a department of the school focused solely on humanities.

14. Trudeaux Zoe, “Literary analysis: Puritan ethics as depicted in early American literature” 5 June 2008 < http://www.helium.com/items/1050451-literary-analysis-puritan-ethics-as-depicted-in-early-american-literature>. This article describes puritan believes and how it affected American literature in the 17th century. I found this sight very useful because it describes each author thoroughly including the author’s place in society and their role in the puritan time period. Links to articles by other authors on this website about the puritan time period are found at the bottom of the page which provides more information. I believe this information is creditable because the author has a BA in English.

15. “Puritan”. Wikipedia. Wikipedia Foundation, Inc. 12 June 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritan>.
The web site Wikipedia.org is a site similar to an encycopedia. It has pages within its site for almost anything/word you can think of. The site allows people to add their two cents to each web site they believe they know more information about. Although this might sound like the site is not credible, there are people who monitor the site and make sure it is accurate. Most of the people who edit the sites are professors, etc. who have a lot of knowledge about the subject. The "Puritan" site explains the history of this time period. It also list important people/authors during the puritanism period. Each person that it menchions, it also gives a breif history about the person and what made them so important during this period. It also breaks down the different times within this period. The site is very good if you are looking for general information about anything within the period.

16. Spurr, John. “English Puritanism, 1603-1689”. Palgrave Publishers 1998. Mesa Community College Ebrary. http://site.ebrary.com.ezp.mc.maricopa.edu/lib/mesa/Top?channelName=mesa&cpage=1&docID=5001699&f00=text&frm=smp.x&hitsPerPage=20&layout=document&p00=puritanism+in+literature&sortBy=score&sortOrder=desc.> Although this book has a primary focus on English Puritanism, it still gives good definitions on Puritan beliefs and lifestyle. Puritanism in England and America were very similar. It is helpful because it highlights everytime the word Puritanism is used in the text which allows you to read for important information without having to read every word. It is a credible source because it has been published and is supported by the Ebrary which is used for purely educational purposes.

17. Puritanism. 15 June 2008 <http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/novel_18c/defoe/puritanism.html#puritanism >. This website gives a very good introduction to the basic beliefs of Puritanism as started by John Calvin. It started in the 16th Century to reform the Church of England and was a highly religious time period. This website also has a link which goes into further detail on the main concepts of Puritanism which I found very helpful. It is credible because it is an edu website not used for profit and it has been updated fairly recently.

18.Haefeli, Evan. “America Discovers English Puritanism.” Reviews in American History 31.1: 2003. JSTOR. 18 June 2008. < http://www.jstor.org >
This article is a book review. It details exactly what Puritans were. The article says that Puritans were Calvinists who left the Church of England because they were dissatisfied with certain tasks. Apparently Puritans never actually called themselves Puritans; they considered themselves Protestants. This speaks to how humble they were on a personal level. The author notes that the theology varied from location to location but all Puritans were very pious and the God was at the center of their lives. This helps me to understand Puritanism in literature because I will be much more aware of the theme of the texts I will be reading. This article is credible because it has a stated author and is a review/summary of a cited, copyrighted book.

19.Campbell, Donna. “Puritanism in New England.” Literary Movements 2007. 18 June 2008. < http://www.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/purdef.htm >
This article describes Puritanism in New England. It explains that there was a distinct point in time when the Puritans began to break away from the Church of England. This was partially because the Church began to tolerate “diverse religious beliefs.” The author goes on to describe major points in Puritan theology, such as their various covenants with God. Puritans believed that God was the ultimate authority in all things human and legal. This article helped with my understand of Puritan literature because it helped to understand where the authors of the texts will be coming and what they will be writing about. This article is credible because it has a stated author and copyright, and is from a .edu.

20.Heim, William J. “Cotton Mather: Overview.” Reference Guide to American Literature. Ed. Jim Kamp. St. James Press: 1994. Literature Resource Center. June 19, 2008.

This article is a general review of Cotton Mather’s writing style. It talks about how he often wrote with a very pompous tone and that his attempts at chronicling history were often very biased. However, the author states that from a less historical point of view, one can look at Mather’s writings as pure religious texts.His practice in writing sermons can be seen in his works. The article notes that Mather was generally more well known for the importance of his name than his work. This article helped me to understand Mather’s writings and what they were about. It also helped me to understand more about the Puritan era because of the themes in Mather’s works. This article is credible because it has a state author and publishing date.

21. Arner, Robert D, “The Tenth Muse: Overview.” Reference Guide to American Literature. Ed. Jim Kamp. St James Press: 1994.

This article is a review of Anne Bradstreet’s book of poemsThe Tenth Muse. The author notes that, this being Bradstreet’s first attempt at published poetry, there is nothing in it that is particularly distinguishable. The general idea the author is making in this article is that while Bradstreet was articulate in her writing, there was nothing of note in the content of this first collection. However, looking at the works that followed, it was clear that this was just a transitional work where Bradstreet was getting the feel for writing. This article helped me to take a closer look at Bradstreet’s poemTo My Dear and Loving Husband. It also helped me to understand a bit more about Puritan living. This article is credible because it has a stated and published author.

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22.Gura, Philip. "American Primer" (Book Review). EBSCO Host. June 3 2009

<https://ezp.mc.maricopa.edu/login?url=https://search-ebscohost-com.ezp.mc.maricopa.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37012756&site=ehost-live>
The main purpose of the website is a book review of the books on Early American literature. Early American beliefs of Puritans are discussed. Including Calvinism’s five basic points T.U.L.I.P and other essential doctrines to the Puritan church. The book talks about men like Jonathon Edwards and others before him that clearly put this in the late age of Puritanism and is more in the early 1700’s, but talks about the beliefs of the Puritans even further back than that. The review helps you understand the importance of religion in the Puritan day. The review of the book covers much of American History but specifically the first two chapters which the writer reviews are related to the Puritans. The site is credible because it is EBSCO with reviewed credited sources.

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23."Laud, William." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 3 June 2009 <http://search.eb.com/eb/article-4084>.

This site is an article on the “Persecution of the Puritans”. It helps in understanding their desires to become more like God and their desire to escape persecution. Just showing that their core beliefs were rooted in religion. The Puritans clearly did not want to identify with England in its religious practices and wanted to be a unique entity. They wanted religious freedom a unique identity. The website mentions several dates between 1600-1730 clearly identifying it with the Puritanism period. This website is credible because it is peer reviewed and was part of the MCC library database.

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24. Christianity Today International. "The English Puritans.." Christian History & Biography (Winter2006 2006): 26-27. History Reference Center. EBSCO. 4 June 2009 <https://ezp.mc.maricopa.edu/login?url=https://search-ebscohost-com.ezp.mc.maricopa.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=khh&AN=20005745&site=ehost-live.>
The main point of this website was to map out the major events that took place during the Puritan time period. The general criteria that was used to define the Puritan literary period was the time between the years 1509 (when King Henry VIII became King of England) and 1691 (the death of Richard Baxter). This resource was particularly helpful in making sense of the authors and texts associated with this time because it gave a timeline of the events that were taking place around the times when the authors became popular as well as when the texts were written. I found this to be an extremely credible source. Not only was this just one link among 15 other valuable articles, but all of the information that was provided was thoroughly cited and other links were provide for further research.
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25. “Puritanism and American Literature.” D.J. McAdam. DEC 2004. D.J. McAdam. 4 June 2009. <http://www.djmcadam.com/puritanism.html.>
The main purpose of this website was to give a history of the Puritan era, such as how it came about as well as the literature style of the time. The criterion that was used to define the Puritan period literature was literature that was written roughly around the years 1640 and 1750. This website was helpful in making sense of the texts because it gave background as to how the writing style was at the time and general facts about literature of the Puritans. Although there was no clear author for this specific article on the website, I would still call it a credible source because it offered numerous other articles on American Literature, other time periods, and many other topics.
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26. Gildrie, Richard P. "Puritanism in America, 1620-1750 (Book Review)." American Historical Review 83.4 (Oct. 1978): 1083. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 3 June 2009 <https://ezp.mc.maricopa.edu/login?url=https://search-ebscohost-com.ezp.mc.maricopa.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=5602593&site=ehost-live. >
This source came from EBSCOhost, which is a research database that has hundreds of thousands of articles, book reviews, peer-reviewed journals, etc… There was no specific way to pinpoint information about a period in history. To find information about Puritan period in America I typed “Puritan period in America” in the search box and read different articles to find one that helped my understanding of the period. This article is a book review of a book that I hope to track down online or in a public library before I finish my final paper. But if I can’t this book review has given me a list of authors who would be perfect to use for it. EBSCOhost is a creditable website as I found it through the link that was posted in this course’s syllabus.

27. John McWilliams "Puritanism: The Sense of an Unending" The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature. Jay Parini. © 2004, 2005 Oxford University Press, Inc.. The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature: (e-reference edition). Oxford University Press. Arizona State University. 3 June 2009 <http://www.oxford-americanliterature.com/entry?entry=t197.e0241>

The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature is a database that has a collection of various articles that all focus on American literature. One can type in one word, name, or title (i.e.“Puritanism” or “William Bradford”) and find articles that are centered on that topic. The article that I have found to help define Puritanism gives me modern examples of writing about the time period and a few examples of works written during the time period that reflect societies way of thinking. This site is creditable because it the original source of this articles publication is Oxford University Press, a well established reliable source.
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28. Heyrman, Christine Leigh. “Puritanism and Predestination.” Divining America, TeacherServe©. National Humanities Center. 26 June 2009. http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/eighteen/ekeyinfo/puritan.htm

This website provides background knowledge on Puritanism along with ways to lead student discussions in classrooms and information on debates between historians. Not only does this site act as a portal for information on the literary movement but it provides teachers with strategies as how to lead discussions on this topic within the classroom. Heyrman explains how the Puritans were a group of religious reformers who shared Calvinist theology. He then continues to describe the Puritans in Britain as well as the United States and how they both sought to cleanse corrupt and sinful practices in culture. As an aspiring teacher I particularly liked the section on guiding student discussion. She suggests to pull out all stops in order to convey the message of Puritanism and once students get it, they will be shouting out opinions. This website helped me understand Puritanism and what they aimed to do during their time. This is a credible website.
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29. Matthews, Dr. Terry. “Lecture three: Puritanism in America”. Religious Life in the United States. 26 June 2009. <http://www.wfu.edu/%7Ematthetl/perspectives/three.html>
This website is actually a lecture from Dr. Terry Matthews and his course “Religious Life in the United States” at Wake Forest University. He divides his lecture into three sections: Three wings of Puritanism, the lack of religious toleration and some reasons why the effort to create a Puritan commonwealth failed. In the first section he simply provides an in depth background on the Puritans. He starts off by saying that despite all the negativism Puritans have received, they simply sought to order all things unto God. He explains the three wings were Presbyterians on the right wing, the Pilgrims on the left wing and the Puritans were at the center. When discussing the lack of religious toleration, he mentions many prominent names known throughout history, Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson etc. This website was extremely helpful in understand the Puritans. Matthews provided a plethora of information in an easy to read manner that allowed me to understand the concepts and history easier. This is a credible website .

Responses to Resources:

1. Heather Mitra: I found entries 11 and 12 particularly helpful in describing the main tenets of Puritan belief. Clearly an author's worldview influences his/her writing, so having this background information is useful in understanding the attitudes of the characters toward each other and the world around them.
2. Heather Mitra: Resource #6 seems to be a very valuable one. I learned a lot just by reading the summary. When reading Puritan literature, it helps to understand that religious beliefs affected every aspect of the people's lives. Whereas some of their thougths and actions may seem unusual to us today, if we contextualize them we can see why people were motivated to behave or write in a certain way.

30. Campbell, Donna M. "Puritanism in New England." Literary Movements. 21 May 2007. 20 June 2008. <http://www.wsu.edu/~campbelld//purdef.htm.> This is a great resource on Puritanism in American literature. It discusses the reasons why Puritan's came to America and their background before. Then it goes on to look at different aspects of their writing. It is very extensive and well written. It is updated routinly.

31. Gaustad, Edwin S. "Quest for Pure Christianity." Christian History 1994: 7-8. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. Mesa Community College, Mesa. 25 June 2009 <https://ezp.mc.maricopa.edu/login?url=https://search-ebscohost-com.ezp.mc.maricopa.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9403147549&site=ehost-live.>
The purpose of this article is to discuss the “mission” of the Puritans from its beginnings through their pilgrimage to America. Puritanism began in England in attempt to purify the Catholic church. They put great emphasis on literacy because the bible was extremely important to them. An author from this period is very likely to use biblical references in his or her texts. This source was helpful in understanding the puritan people and their goals. It clarified why the authors put so much emphasis on Christianity in their texts. This source is credible because it was published in a Christian history magazine by a professor of history from the University of California.

32. Thomson, David (English writer). "The Antinomian Crisis: prelude to Puritan missions." Early American Literature 38.3 (Fall 2003): 401(36). Academic OneFile. Gale. Mesa Community College. 26 June 2009
<http://find.galegroup.com.ezp.mc.maricopa.edu/itx/start.do?prodId=AONE.>
The purpose of this source is to discuss how Puritanism was introduced to the Native Americans in the 1640’s and how this form of Puritanism differed from the original version. The Puritanism that became American Puritanism had been reworked by the antinomian crisis and allowed multiple orthodoxies “this variant allowed wide latitude for fashioning a vibrant, autonomous, indigenous Puritanism”. A Puritan text or author will focus on religion. This source was helpful because it really related how Puritanism affected the American Indians, which applied greatly to the works of Mary Rowlandson. Additionally it’s discussion on Native Americans and the expansion of Puritanism shined a new light on how the frontier really formed and changed. This site is credible because it included a long works cited and was published in an accredited academic journal.

Example Image: Digital image. Learn NC. Web. 3 June 2010. <http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/
uploads/2008/03/
embarkation_pilgrims.jpg>.

Early American Puritan Authors

Slavery in Massachusetts

amartinez7 — Sun, 04 Jul 2010 16:44:37 CDT

By: Henry David Thoreau

1. Thoreau, Henry David. Slavery in Massachusetts. Forgotten. Google Books. Web. 28 June 2010. <http://books.google.com/books?id=JOdmnDzB5uwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=slavery in massachusetts thoreau&hl=en&ei=HTMpTMfpDs6gnwfOlNiDAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false>.
This Google Book presents the text of Henry David Thoreau’s Slavery in Massachusetts. In this abolitionist lecture, he lectured against slavery after the conviction of fugitive slave Anthony Burns. This is a credible source because it is a transcription of Thoreau’s original text.

2. "Thoreau's Slavery in Massachusetts - with Annotated Text." The Thoreau Reader. Web. 29 June 2010. <http://thoreau.eserver.org/slavery.html>.
This website presents Thoreau’s text and includes annotated text throughout the lecture. This is extremely useful, because it provides context for the speech and helps readers understand some of the phrasing, history, and allusions Thoreau draws from. This is a reliable source because it cites the original speech and includes proper citations.

3. Thoreau, Henry David. The Writings of Henry David Thoreau, Volume 4. Princeton UP, 2008. Google Books. Web. 28 June 2010. <http://books.google.com/books?id=U4FKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR11&dq=thoreau's+slavery+in+massachusetts&hl=en&ei=sF4pTOe-Fs7_nQfGlo2AAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=thoreau's%20slavery%20in%20massachusetts&f=false>.
This Google Book gives the history and text to various writings of Thoreau. It is helpful in allowing readers to quickly understand the context of the writings and Thoreau’s intentions behind his work. This book features Thoreau’s speech “Slavery in Massachusetts.” This is reliable source because it is published through Princeton University, a respected publisher.

Slavery in Massachusetts. Digital image. Thebookgap.com. Web. 28 June 2010.

Slavery in Massachusetts Online
Text on World CAT

Text on Amazon

Text on Google Books

Text on Thoreau's eserver

Father Bambo's Pilgrimage to Mecca

briannamori — Sun, 04 Jul 2010 15:28:16 CDT

By: Philip Freneau

Resources:
1. Wikipedia.org. Father Bombo's Pilgrimage to Mecca. Wikipedia foundation Inc., 2010. 3 July 2010.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Bombo's_Pilgrimage_to_Mecca
This is a commonly used wesite. The link provided gives a description about the book in a summary. It is organized to show the plot of the book in a summary as well. There is also an organization of a description of how the book was rediscovered along with its sources. The source also provides links to famous names and societies linking to their pages. This source is credible, since it has been updated recently and provides the original sources used to determine the information.

2.Elliot, Emory. Freneau, Philip [Morin]. Princeton University Press, 1978. 3 July 2010.
http://etcweb.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/freneau_philip.html
This is a website about Philip Freneau and how he was able to accomplish writing many poems. The website also informs of Freneau's educational background. This source is credible being copyrighted by the Princeton University Press.

"Philip Freneau 1752 1832." Firstscience.com. 4 July 2010.

www.firstscience.com/
home
poems-and-quotes/
authors/f.html

"Father Bombo's Pilgrimage to Mecca" Text:
Google Book

Worldcat

Amazon

Insight Paper:

Relevant Literary Themes:
Identity: Freneau uses this character in particular by having the character needing to convert himself from what he used to be.

Relevant Literary Terms:
Character: The book uses a character who goes on a journey to accomplish the burial of a writing. The main characters character builds as the story escalades.

Hope Is the Thing with Feathers

ejholden09 — Sun, 04 Jul 2010 01:15:49 CDT

by Emily Dickinson

Resources about Hope Is The Thing with Feathers

1. Schoonmaker, Frances, Chi Chung, and Emily Dickinson.Emily Dickinson. Poetry for young people. New York: Sterling Pub. Co, 1994. Print.
This source, from WorldCat, has the original text for Dickinson's "Hope Is The Thing with Feathers" along with many other works.

2. Wolff, Cynthia Griffin. Emily Dickinson. Reading, Mass.: Perseus, 1999. Google Books. Google. Web. 21 June 2010.
This book, found through Google Books, has many of Emily Dickinson's works, as well as a biography and an analysis on some of her works.

3. 'Hope Is the Thing with Feathers'," in Poetry for Students, Vol. 3, Gale Research, 1998. Literature Resource Center. Web. 22 June 2009.
The main purpose of this website is to provide an overview of Emily Dickenson’s poem, “Hope Is the Thing with Feathers”. One of the reasons this text is important to read about for this era is because of who wrote it, but it is also important because of its meaning. It describes ‘hope’ as an abstract meaning of trust and desire; both which were major needs during this time. This resource was helpful in my reading of the text because it gave explications of all of the lines in the poem and provided a general summary of the poems meaning. This website was also helpful in my understanding of Dickinson herself because it gave a window into her life and showed that she to needed ‘desire’ and ‘trust’. This is a credible website because the source database is a well known and trusted Literary database called The Literary Resource Center.

4. Pollak, Vivian. Historical Guide to Emily Dickinson. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Print.
This book was accessed on the MCC Ebrary site. It gives a thorough history of Emily Dickinson's life as well as an analysis of how the events of Dickinson's time period effected her writing. Dickinson was pressured to declare her religious beliefs throughout her life, but she never subscribed to any particular religion. This poem is about hope, which has religious connotations. Perhaps Dickinson believed hope was a sort of higher power. This is a reliable source on Dickinson and her work because it was published by a reputable university.

5. Melani, Lilia. "Hope is the thing with feathers". Brooklyn College. 25 February 2009. Web. 21 June 2010.
This website, created by an English professor at Brooklyn College, gives the poem and a detailed analysis. The analysis goes stanza by stanza. Melani also asks interesting questions in this analysis that makes the reader think and determine what they believe to be the correct answer and interpretation of the poem.

Insight Paper- American Tradition

k.esparza — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 22:38:29 CDT

Kristy Esparza

July 1, 2010

ENH 241

Shelley Rodrigo

An American Tradition

In 1844, the second volume of Flowers for Children, Lydia Maria Child published the poem “A Boy’s Thanksgiving Day.” This is a poem that was

published during the Critique of Slavery time period in early American Literature. Although Child usually wrote about abolishing slavery and women’s

rights, she also wrote children’s poems and stories.

When Child wrote “A Boy’s Thanksgiving Day,” she recollected the memories she had as a child visiting her grandparents during the holidays (About).

Incorporating the American Dream theme, she appreciates her family’s success and celebrates Thanksgiving. The American Dream is usually defined

as success and happiness after hard work. Celebrating Thanksgiving with special traditions and American culture is her inspiration of this poem.

Lydia Maria Child chose her words carefully when writing this for a children’s book. After “A Boy’s Thanksgiving Day” was written as a poem, it

eventually was turned into the song “Over the River and Through the Wood” which is a song that is still sung by children to this day. Although we do not

use the original title of the poem to teach it to children, it is still well known. Child chooses the right words to portray images that everyone can relate to

and imagine. The words that Child chose are repetitive “Over the river and through the wood” is in the beginning of each stanza, and the rhyme scheme

is easy for children to remember.

Lydia Maria Child reminds us of keeping the American dream alive with her use of vivid imagery and a successful word choice. Child was an

accomplished woman who wrote about many important things from abolishing slavery to enriching the lives of young children.

Work Cited

Lewis, Jone Johnson. "About Lydia Maria Child." Women's History - Comprehensive Women's History Research Guide. 2010. Web. 04 July 2010. http://womenshistory.about.com/od/childlydiamaria/a/lydiamariachild.htm

Lombardi, Esther. "Over the River - Lydia Maria Child." Books & Literature Classics. About, 2010. Web. 04 July 2010. <http://classiclit.about.com/od/thanksgiving/a/aa_overriver.htm>.

A Boy's Thanksgiving Day

k.esparza — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 22:22:03 CDT

Ian. "BBC - Essex - In Pictures - Snow in Spring '08." BBC - Homepage. Ian in Billericay, 6 Apr. 2008. Web. 29 June 2010. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/essex/content/image_galleries/snowy_easter08_gallery.shtml>.Ian. "BBC - Essex - In Pictures - Snow in Spring '08." BBC - Homepage. Ian in Billericay, 6 Apr. 2008. Web. 29 June 2010. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/essex/content/image_galleries/snowy_easter08_gallery.shtml>.

View the text online:

Google Book

World CAT text

Amazon text.

A Reflection on Romanticism

amartinez7 — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 21:59:50 CDT

Amanda Martinez
ENH 241
3 July 2010

UnKnown Romantic Period Reflection

In reading the various resources and student papers posted on the course wiki webpage for Romanticism, I’ve been able to gain a lot of insight into this specific literary period. Some of the most notable characteristics of Romanticism appear to include an emphasis on imagination, creativity, and passion. Gaining a broad overview of Romanticism greatly helped my understanding of the other literary periods studied throughout this class. As pointed out in the “Romanticism” article through Encyclopedia Britannica, this movement “dispelled the rational thinking and invention of the Enlightenment period” (Romanticism). By understanding the origins of Romanticism, it is greatly helpful in understanding why this period possessed the characteristics it did. The previous literary period stressed reason and rationality, two qualities Romanticism severely contrasted. The abandonment of these ideals paved the way for the Romantics, who focused on themes centered on beauty and love. Many of these themes were still prevalent as the next literary period of Transcendentalism emerged. Prominent Transcendentalist writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Walt Whitman all evoked romantic thought in their writings, allowing me to see how Transcendentalism was born out of the Romantic period. Although Romanticism seemed to be channeled in part through Transcendentalism, it does not seem to be too similar to the literary themes of Puritanism or Critique of Slavery. Puritans seemed to focus all their writings on pleasing God and working towards his purpose, whereas the Critique of Slavery centered around abolitionist writing and various narratives. However, I did find that Nathanial Hawthorne, a Romantic writer, was fond of Puritanism as inspiration for his writings and featured it often in his work. Although those two literary periods are not necessarily similar, learning the style of Romanticism helped me to better understand why the respective styles of Critique of Slavery and Puritanism were better fit for their literary periods.
Learning about the Romantic period helped show how various literary themes were prevalent in Romantic literature. One theme I found highly recurrent in Romanticism is eccentricity. As some of the characteristics include “creativity, intense curiosity, and idealistic” attributes, these seem to match up with many of the characteristics that Romanticism is built on (Eccentricity). I also found the literary theme of Identity to exist in various pieces of Romantic literature. As Romanticism also paved way for a romantic hero who valued individuality, it naturally included ties to cultivating a new identity. Romanticism also helped enlighten me on the literary theme of Diversity, as this period stressed human equality and reform. As Diversity is built on “Accepting, respecting, and understanding different individuals” this theme is reliant on human equality, as is the Romantic period.
If I had done the Romantic period, I would have chosen the two authors of Edgar Allen Poe and Nathanial Hawthorne. I find Poe especially intriguing because of his ties to mystery and the short story. So much of his work was groundbreaking, including his contributions to science fiction and detective fiction. While Poe certainly adhered to the romantic genre, he is generally associated more with dark romanticism and Gothic literature. I also think it is extremely interesting to learn how his writing contrasted so much with Transcendentalist writings, for which he had a strong aversion to. I would have also chosen Nathanial Hawthorne as an author, because like Poe, he had links to dark romanticism. I also find his ties to Puritanism, through his focus on inherent evil, sin, and moral allegories interesting, because it is not a connection I would have normally imagined for a Romantic writer.
The first text I would have chosen from Poe would have been “The Raven.” As one of Poe’s most famous poems, I think it would be a good foundation and representation for Poe’s poetry. As a narrative poem, I especially like how it tells a story, in this case one in which a raven visits a distraught narrator who aims to forget the love of his life and soon becomes insane. Not only is this an interesting concept for a poem, but its status as an extremely famous poem would compel me to choose this as a text. The second text I would have chosen by Poe would be “The Tell-Tale Heart.” Like “The Raven” this short story is also one of Poe’s more famous works. Its links to Gothic literature is also an attribute of this work that I find appealing. From reading the text in a previous English class years ago, the plot was something exceptionally memorable. A murder haunting the narrator, with hallucinations appearing after the guilt begins to set in, definitely set the scene for an interesting tale. I also am attracted to the use of an unreliable narrator in a text, as Poe’s narrator is in this short story. For Nathanial Hawthorne, I would have first chosen The Scarlet Letter, as it is Hawthorne’s most notable work. Additionally, it deals with some Puritan topics such as sin and is even set in a Puritan village. I think this link between Puritanism and Romanticism is important, because it highlights how the two respective literary periods can still influence one another despite being so different in nature. The second Hawthorne work I would have chosen would be The House of the Seven Gables. Although I was not previously familiar with the plot of the novel, I did recall the title as an American classic. From doing some research online about the novel, I’ve learned the book focuses on character descriptions and motive. Tying into a “haunted” house, witchcraft, and sudden death, I believe the plot definitely sounds intriguing and unique for the time period. I think it is also interesting how the ancestor’s of Hawthorne played a role in the Salem witch trials, something that has apparently influenced him and his writing, especially in this story and how sin is passed down through generations.
Ultimately, I found the Romantic literary period to be one of high interest and featured many of literature’s finest authors. I believe the course wiki page to have given me a broad view of the period which helped enhance my understanding of the subject.

Works Cited

"Romanticism." Encyclopedia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Web. 10 June 2008

"Eccentricity ENH241. Wetpaint. Web. 22 June 2010. <http://enh241.wetpaint.com/page/Eccentricity>.

Song of Thyrsis

briannamori — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 20:57:57 CDT

By: Philip Freneau

Resources:
1. Reuben, Paul. Philip Freneau. American Literature Site, 2006. 3 July 2010.
http://www.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/freneau.htm
This is a website that includes the poem Song of Thyrsis along with many other poems Freneau wrote. The source also gives links to American Revolution poems. The site is credible being that it is an educational website that is used as a resource.

2. American Poems. Biography of Philip Freneau. Gunnar Bengtsson, 2000. 3 July 2010.
http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/philipfreneau/
This website is a biography about Philip Freneau. It descibes his pubilications of his work along with his other successes throughout his life. The source includes links in which an individual can click on to read the poems Freneau is known for. The website is credible containing factual resources.

"The Little Book of American Poets, 1787-1990. Amazon.com. 3 July 2010.
http://www.amazon.com/Little-Book-American-Poets-1787-1900/dp/1148879404/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1278206705&sr=1-1

"Song Of Thyrsis" Text:
Old Poetry

Poetry Archive

Google Book

Worldcat

Amazon

Insight Paper:

Relevant Literary Themes:
Self-Confidence: The poem indicates to the reader that if anything should happen one should continue on and have confidence in yourself that all will be well.

Identity: The poem shows the identity of the character he speaks of in the poem. The character is a strong person that even if widowed continues to love.

Relevant Literary Terms:
Imagery: Freneau creates an image of the poem. The reader can relate to the poem in which it corresponds.

Word Choice: Freneau chose words in which at the end informs the reader to keep going on in life even if things are very hectic, since tomorrow is another day.

Rhythm: Freneau uses rhythm in the poem after a line or few.

Announcements

rrodrigo — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 20:43:37 CDT

I'll always put the most current announcement at the top of the page!

7/3/10; 6:43PM PST, Long Layover in Houston

Just an FYI, our trip to England got interrupted due to bad weather. So this gives you the additional grace period of Sunday (which I'm now traveling) and I'll be grading Monday and Tuesday.

6/28/10; 4:05PM PST, Wrapping up the Course
This week is the last week of class, technically Thursday 7/1 is the last day of class; however, you all are in luck...I get on a plane for England early Friday morning. What does that mean?...it means I'm going to be in no shape to complete grading for the course until Sunday (they don't celebrate the 4th in England!). Therefore, you've officially got until Saturday night, 11:59pm PST to finish any work for the course!

Please don't forget to do the Unknown Period paper as well as the Course Evaluation.

6/25/10; 1:25 PM PST; Grading
I think I'm done grading the various collaborated page updates (periods, themes, and terms). Check your gradesheets. I've still got some first round of authors & texts work to grade. I should be all caught up tomorrow and will email you all individually.

Just want to say...overall, I think the updates on the Periods, Themes, and Terms pages are GREAT! You all (the few, the proud still will us) are wonderful!

6/16/10; 10:04 AM PST; individual worksheets for author & text wiki page updates
I made the individual work list/document for you all to fill out when you do your work on your specific authors and specific text wiki page updates. Be sure to fill the linked/attached document out for each author and text wiki page you update. Then send it to me!

6/15/10; 8:37 AM PST; extra credit opportunity

When working on the course, try finding resources using this test/trial literary database (no username/password):Trial URL:http://access.gale.com/academic/go/?key=11917_170714

If you incorporate an annotated bibliography entry using resources from the literary database/s, you can earn up to 5 points extra credit per entry (no more than 4 entries). The database is only available through June 23rd. To earn the extra credit, email me with the list of what resources you added (and to what author/text/period/theme wiki page).

6/13/10; 12:11 AM PST; course check-up
For those of you who have been working away at the course (you know who you are, you've been submitting individual work/reflection reports to me via email as well as filling out the group work evaluation surveys), GREAT JOB! Keep it up. Looks like I'll be getting stuff submitted for Term Pages over the next 24 hours or so. When you are ready to work on your authors...the order is up to you (and check announcements for author & text gradesheets in the announcements area in the next 2-3 days). I would suggest you start reading novels now, however, do those authors & texts in later deadlines.

For those of you playing catch up, no stress! If you were supposed to collaborate on a page and it was already submitted, email me. I'll either give you another assignment and/or give you specific requests for updates on those pages. You will still have the opportunity to earn most of the points.

If you have any questions or concerns, feel free to email or call!

6/13/10; 10:24 AM PST; grade fest!
Sorry folks, I had one of those family life-happenings at the end of last week. So I'm now playing catch up grading with your work and responding with your emails. If you don't hear from me by end of today (Sunday, June 13)...be sure to email me asking "what is up?"

6/5/10; 10:42 AM PST; picking your authors

Folks, most of the "popular" authors are already signed for; therefore, you're going to have to start doing one of two things:

1. pick other authors and/or texts

2. search for new authors & text to add to the wiki

You are not limited to what authors/texts were on this wiki. Remember...3 courses worth of students have added to this...I haven't built it. By no means is what is covered in this wiki "everything." So I really challenge some of you to go find new authors and/or texts.

6/4/10; 12:23AM PST; Gradesheets, etc.
Here are the gradesheets I will be using to grade the literary period, literary theme, and literary term wiki page work. Here is a document that has the Individual Worksheets you'll need to submit for each page you revise (please email theme to me). Finally, you'll also need to complete the Group Work Evaluation Survey for every page you update:

Literary Period Group Work Evaluation Survey (you should only fill out once)
Literary Theme Group Work Evaluation Survey (you should fill this out twice, one for each page)
Literary Term Group Work Evaluation Survey (you should fill this out twice, one for each page)

6/4/10; 11:14AM PST; Finding Videos & Slideshows

6/3/10; 1:30PM PST; First Round-o-Grading

I've set up all the gradesheets and started grading what work has been submitted. You should all have an email inviting you to read your shared gradesheet (I shared them with ALL your email addresses...I would just work from one of your Gmail ones to look at it regularly).

Please read my note below about taking credit for your nodes in the timelines & maps with your name as the last line in the "text" part of each entry. Similarly, you all need to make sure you know how to add a picture to the "text" part of the nodes, not just the "marker" part (in both cases, you can add pictures to both the text ad marker portions).

Finally, I'll grade the work sign-up spreadsheet and document tomorrow! Please make sure you select American authors (their are European literary periods with the same names). If you have any questions or concerns, feel free to email or call me.

6/3/10, 11:24AM PST; Labeling work in Timelines & Map entries

And this is why we do the "test" assignments first...I'm realizing as I read through Timeline & Map entries that you all are going to need to specifically label your entry with your name (or Wetpaint Pseudonym). You don't have to do it in the title of the entry; however, it should be the last line of the "text" part of the entry.

6/2/10, 4:06PM PST; Help w/Maps & Timelines

Someone asked for a little more help with Maps and Timelines, I've made these videos. If you still need more help, just yell!

6/1/10; 4:28PM PST; MCC Internship Opportunities

6/1/10; 4:04PM PST; First Extra Credit Opportunity
Go watch/listen to MCC's Online Orientation webinar. For 10 extra credit points, email the instructor with a list of five things you liked/learned about in the webinar and at least 3 things you would change.

6/1/10; 2:39PM PST; Help with Google Maps & TimeRime
Consider watching these two videos before you get started with Google Maps & TimeRime:

Google Maps: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TftFnot5uXw
TimeRime: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixnYo6behGY

6/1/10; 7:43AM PST; Copy of Getting Started Email
Dear MCC ENH241 Section 17859,

Welcome to ENH241 Online! I look forward to getting to know you over the next five weeks. This is a reading and writing intensive course with specific deadlines you will have to meet. I suggest you get started as soon as possible.

· The course website http://enh241.wetpaint.com/
You will be responsible for obtain the following materials (there are more listed in the syllabus):
· A college-level dictionary and a thesaurus, for example http://www.m-w.com/
· Access to the Modern Language Association style guide:

· Access to a computer with an internet connection (preferably high-speed)
· MyMCC Account: http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/mymcc/ (you’ll need this to access the library databases; however, if you are already an ASU student, you may access those databases instead.)
· Regular Google Account (gmail.com—Since you need a regular Google account for the Maps application; unless you already have one, I would just start with a regular Gmail account and activate everything else as you need it. I will post a video in the course announcements area how to combined all your Gmail accounts into one.)
· TimeRime Account: http://timerime.com
· Wetpaint Wiki Account: http://enh241.wetpaint.com/ (Email the instructor with your preferred email address and she’ll invite you to the course wiki.)
If you do not already use Internet Explorer as your browser, you may want to download a copy of Firefox to use your web browser (http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/). Firefox is a relatively small, and fast download.

You will also need the following browser players/readers to get started:

Adobe Acrobat Reader: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html
Flash: http://www.adobe.com/shockwave/download/alternates/#fp
Shockwave: http://www.adobe.com/shockwave/download/alternates/#sp
Java: http://www.java.com/en/download/manual.jsp

If you have not used a Wetpaint Wiki, TimeRime, Google Docs or Maps before, I suggest that you play around in all the environments. By play, I mean taking the time to hit every button to get a feel for what the programs can do. I also suggest you wander and hit every button in the course website. Do not wait until an hour before a deadline to figure out how everything works.

If you have any questions or concerns about the course, please feel free to email me rrodrigo@mesacc.edu or shelley.rodrigo@gmail.com or call me (623) 455-6296. If you email me, please be sure to include the course and course line number you are enrolled in. I am teaching multiple sections of different courses. I do not keep copies of the rosters near my computer, so you need to clue me in who you are when you email me.

Again, I look forward to working with you all,
Shelley

Insight Paper- Benito Cereno

k.esparza — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 20:27:56 CDT

Kristy Esparza

July 1, 2010

ENH 241

Shelley Rodrigo

New World

In 1855, during the Romanic Period of American literature, Herman Melville published the novella Benito Cereno in Putnam’s Monthly. During this time,

Melville was known for depicting victims of capitalism and slavery. Melville showed the world of men who prospered financially by forcing and

dehumanizing people to do hard labor.

In Benito Cereno, Melville expertly uses the theme Diversity throughout the novella. Not only does he appreciate the value of all of the individuals, but

he goes beyond the stereotypes and shows his audience that Babo has a brain, and if the other characters would listen to him, he could show them that

he is very intelligent “it was not without human satisfaction that Captain Delano witnessed the steady good conduct of Babo” (Heath Anthology 2674).

Diversity is “recognizing and appreciating the values of all individuals while accepting and respecting their different values” (Merriam Webster). Over the

entire plot of Benito Cereno, the reader would expect the blacks to be the slaves while the white men were transporting them; Little do we know what in

actuality, the slaves are revolting and being lead by Babo. Melville is diverse when writing while he recognizes that all people can equally apt to be

leaders and even though Babo ends up being unjustly impaled for everyone to see, Babo was smart enough to take over an entire ship almost getting

his men back to freedom.

The literary term “character” has an impact on the plot of Benito Cereno because Melville opened up people’s eyes to the idea that slaves could have

the power to overthrow an entire ship, but most people looked at the novella as a tale. At this point in time, the question of slavery was overlooked, and

the only wrong act that was committed was Babo and his people skinning the captain and taking over the ship. No one saw that it was unfair for Babo to

be wrongfully tried in court that didn’t have a solid set of laws. Melville built his characters to have their own unexpected qualities and attitudes.

While Herman Melville thoughtfully wrote Benito Cereno at a crucial time in American history, his novella was not fully appreciated until the mid 1900s.

We can clearly see now the message that Melville was trying to convey and appreciate this piece of literature for its characters and literature diversity.

Work Cited
"Diversity." Dictionary and Thesaurus - Merriam-Webster Online. Web. 02 July 2010.

Lauter, Paul, and Richard Yarborough. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 5th ed. Vol. B. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006. Print.

To Ellen

briannamori — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 20:20:44 CDT

By: Thomas Jefferson

Resources:
1. Library of Congress, 2010. Jefferson as a Poet. 3 July 2010.
http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/prespoetry/tj.html
This website gives the explanation that Jefferson wasn't a poet who wrote many poems. It includes the Commonplace Book in which Jefferson published. The website is a biography about Thomas Jefferson which includes the poem To Ellen, which is thought to have been written to his granddaughter Ellen. The site is credible from the library of congress.

2. Library of Congress, 2010. Life and Labor at Monticello. 3 July 2010.
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jefflife.html
This website includes a biography about Thomas Jefferson and his inventions and literature interests. The website also includes his life in Monticello and Piedmont where he spent his life and worked. The site is credible, since it gives factual information and is from the library of congress.

"To Ellen." Library of Congress, 2010. 3 July 2010.
http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/prespoetry/tj.html

"To Ellen" Text:
Jefferson (Poet)

Insight Paper:

Relevant Literary Themes:
Identity: Jefferson poem indicates finding yourself in a world full of many who are trying to make a better place.

Relevant Literary Terms:
Word Choice: Jefferson used vocabulary that has a reader thinking of what it is he is trying to persuade.

Jefferson's Literary Commonplace Book

briannamori — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 19:53:59 CDT

reaBy: Thomas Jefferson

Resources:
1. Randall, Willard. Thomas Jefferson's: A Life. Henry Holt and Company, 2003. 3 July 2010.
http://books.google.com/books?id=jxh4rGiz7GgC&lpg=PR16&dq=literary%20commonplace%20book%20by%20thomas%20jefferson&pg=PR6#v=onepage&q=literary%20commonplace%20book%20by%20thomas%20jefferson&f=false
This is a book about Thomas Jefferson and his life. It's a biography both private and public information of how he lived his life as well as the writings he wrote. This is credible being it was published as a biography and autobiography of Thomas Jefferson with actual facts.

2. Wilson, D.L. Jefferson's Literary Commonplace Book. Cloth, 1989. 3 July 2010.
http://press.princeton.edu/titles/4371.html
This website gives a brief description of the Commonplace book. It also provides links to other series and subject areas for further research. The site is credible being from Princeton University Press.

3. Library Congress, 2001. Thomas Jefferson. 3 July 2010.
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jefflife.html
This website gives a overview of the life of Thomas Jefferson and how

"Jefferson's Literary Commonplace Book." Readernaut, 2007. 3 July 2010.

readernaut.com/
nathan/books/
0691047200/
jefferson...lace-book

"Literary Commonplace Book" Text:
Google Book

Worldcat

Amazon

Benito Cereno

k.esparza — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 19:32:18 CDT

"Benito Cereno." American Cultural Studies. University of Washington, 8 Dec. 2008. Web. 01 July 2010. <http://depts.washington.edu/keywords/wiki/index.php?title=Benito_Cereno>.

View the text online:

Google Book
World CAT text
Amazon text

Evangeline

k.esparza — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 19:02:35 CDT

"Evangeline a Tale of Acadie." Antiqbook. Web. 28 June 2010. <http://www.antiqbook.com/boox/gib/46174.shtml>.

Enlightenment: The beginnings of a nation

JamieCulbertson — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 19:01:54 CDT

HUM 205: Introduction to Cinema Jamie Culbertson
ENH 241, Section 17859
Insight Paper 4
Enlightenment: The beginnings of a nation

“The Enlightenment in America is sometimes conveyed in a single phase, the political right to self-determination realized” (Ferguson). The American Enlightenment period was part of a larger intellectual movement now as the Age of Enlightenment which took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature, society, and religion (Wikipedia). “Politically the age is distinguished by an emphasis upon liberty, democracy, republicanism, and religious tolerance – culminating in the drafting of the United States Declaration of Independence” (Wikipedia).

The Enlightenment period influenced the writings and beliefs of all the other literary periods and authors during this time. Understanding the foundations and beliefs of the Age of Enlightenment provides insight to the importance of religion in Puritanism, the emphasis on the individual in Romanticism; religion and spirituality in Transcendentalism; and the role of government and state in the Critique of Slavery.

The Enlighten Period specifically is helpful in understanding the themes American Dream and Identity as concerned to literature. The American Dream is a theme that influenced each of the literary periods of this class but was so relevant in the Enlightenment period. It is nice to go back every so often and read the intention of the Declaration of Independence and the optimism of our Founding Fathers. Knowing their principles and ideals is also helpful of understanding the theme identity and the individual throughout literature before 1850.

If I had selected this period, I would have chosen Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine as my authors. With Jefferson, I would like to know more about his background and education and his thoughts on government and his process for writing the Declaration of Independence. I would have chosen to read the Declaration of Independence and To Ellen, both to understand his public and private writing. With Thomas Paine, I would like to know more about his role in the French Revolution and his background. I would have chosen Common Sense and The Age of Reason because both were widely read and caused rise in Paine’s life.

Bibliography
Ferguson, Robert. American Enlightenment, 1750-1820. Google Books. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard UP, 1997. Web. 02 July 2010.
American Enlightenment. Wikipedia. Last modified on 26 June 2010. Web. 02 July 2010.

Insight Paper- Evangeline

k.esparza — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 19:01:09 CDT

Kristy Esparza

July 1, 2010

ENH241

Shelley Rodrigo

Faithfulness and Constancy

During the Romantic Period of Early American Literature, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote an Epic Poem that was both accepted and criticized by

many. The theme of Self-Confidence arises in the plot of the story along with the literary term Rhythm. Both Self-Confidence and Rhythm play a

significant role in Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie.

As the poem develops, Evangeline builds a sense of Self-Confidence that shows the entirety of the plot. Having Self-Confidence in a character shows

that “they believe that they can achieve their dreams and goals with undying work and perseverance”(Longfellow’s Works). Evangeline Bellafontaine is

separated from her love Gabriel Lajeunesee during the Great Upheaval. She has the confidence in herself to go out and look for her long lost love

Gabriel. Evangeline shows that she has the ambition to set forth and find Gabriel even if it means she has to search for him her entire life. “Ye who

believe in affection that hopes, and endures, and is patient, Ye who believe in the beauty and strength of woman's devotion” (Part 1 Canto 1,

Evangeline). Evangeline’s path is consistent, and at some points of her journey, she is so close to Gabriel without even knowing it. At the end of the

poem, Evangeline eventually finds Gabriel extremely sick and he dies in her arms. Although the poem ends abruptly, Evangeline finds Gabriel after the

confidence in herself to travel the distance to conquer her goal.

During the 19th century, Longfellow was critiqued for using Dactylic Hexameter while writing Evangeline; He was the only author at this time to

use it during the 19th century (Longfellow’s Works). The meter of the poem is consistent and takes pace through all of the Cantos. Although he was

criticized, people did realize that Homer used Dactylic Hexameter in the Iliad and Odyssey. Homer was also a respected writer, but at the time the

general public though it was strange for Longfellow to use such an “outdated” meter. Evangeline, has become one of Henry Wadsworth Longfellows

most loved and respected works. Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie, is an epic poem that possesses strong literary themes and terms throughout the entire

text with self-confidence and rhythm being extremely prevalent.

Works Cited

"Poets' Corner - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - Evangeline." Poet's Corner. 2000. Web. 01 July 2010. <http://theotherpages.org/poems/books/longfellow/evangeline00.html>.

"Longfellow's Works - Evangeline: A Tale of Acadie." Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: A Maine Historical Society Web Site. Maine Historical Society, 2000. Web. 01 July 2010. <http://www.hwlongfellow.org/works_evangeline.shtml>.

Civil Disobedience

amartinez7 — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 18:04:20 CDT

"by Henry David Thoreau

Resources about "Civil Disobedience"

1. Thoreau, Henry David. Civil Disobedience. Forgotten. Google Books. Web. 29 June 2010. <http://books.google.com/books?id=AiVQUZSDjscC&printsec=frontcover&dq=civil disobedience&hl=en&ei=J2YpTJakIsmnnQfsquygAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false>.
This Google Book presents the full text of Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience. This text argues that people should rule their own conscience and not allow government to do so for them. He wrote this speech inspired by his problems with slavery. This is reliable text because it is Thoreau’s original text.

2. Leary, Lewis. "Civil Disobedience" American Literature. 5 June 2008. Web. 1949.
<https://web-ebscohost-com.ezp.mc.maricopa.edu/ehost/detail?vid=10&hid=116&sid=1e8e7bec-bfae-4bd9-b5da-b3bd9656ac67%40sessionmgr107>
This document is a book review to explain what the book is about and the reviewers opinion on the text. It also provides history on the text and some insight into another text of Thoreau’s, Walden. This is an accurate source because it comes from a reputable journal.

3. McElroy, Wendy. "Henry David Thoreau and 'Civil Disobedience'" LewRockwell.com. 30 July 2005. Web. 29 June 2010. <http://www.lewrockwell.com/mcelroy/mcelroy86.html>.
Wendy McElroy is the editor of ifeminists.com and author of many books. Her article on this website includes a full critique of Thoreau’s anti-government essay entitled “Civil Disobedience.” Her thoughts help readers to understand the context in which they were written, and also the meaning of many of Thoreau’s thoughts and expressions. This is a reliable source because she is a respected author and research fellow.

4. "Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)." Wikipedia. Web. 29 June 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Disobedience_(Thoreau)>.
This site provides readers with an overview of the essay, Civil Disobedience. It does so in a simple format that is easy to follow and quick to read, all while presenting useful information. It starts by describing how Thoreau titled the piece followed by a summary and few of the people influenced by the essay. It also gives a list of references found throughout the site and external sites for further research on the topic. This website helped me gain further understanding on the essay and what Thoreau was ultimately trying to say. Although Wikipedia is generally not considered a credible source, this information is helpful in gaining a general overview and clarifying the actual text in simple language.

5. Erickson, Patricia E. "Civil Disobedience." Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History. Vol. 1. Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History, 2005. 351. EBSCOhost. Web. 4 June 2009. <http://web.ebscohost.com.ezp.mc.maricopa.edu/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=12&sid=00c2dd1a-a29b-4523-b729-232d4a2f3029%40sessionmgr4&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=khh&AN=18975264>.
This encyclopedia entry was found on the EBSCO host search engine. It originally comes from the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History, which means that it is a fairly reliable source. Civil disobedience is defined as "a deliberate offense against authority committed openly to protest an unjust, arbitrary, cruel, pointless, or immoral law or policy of the government". This helps provide some insight into the choice of title for the

Civil Disobedience. Prometheusbooks. Web. 28 June 2010. JPG.

Text Links

Google WorldCAT
Amazon